John Nash and paranoid Schizophrenia Essay Example for Free

put-on Nash and paranoid Schizophrenia EssayThomas Szasz once said, if you sing to God, you argon praying if God talks to you, you shake up dementia praecox.It is a terrible inconvenience that affects many people nigh the world. Arguably the most famous person with schizophrenia is Nobel Prize (1994) and American Mathematicians Societys Leroy P. Steel Prize for germinal Contri yetion to Research (1999) winner, John Nash.Paranoid Schizophrenia can be a crippling illness. Its sufferers whitethorn not be able to de margeine what is real and what is not. According to Dr. Paul Ballas (2006 Internet) of the Department of Psychiatry at Thomas Jefferson University, the individual has feelings of being persecuted or plotted a passst. Affected individuals whitethorn defend grandiose (over-the-top) delusions associated with protect themselves from the perceived plot. The key symptoms argon delusions and auditory hallucinations. Paranoid schizophrenia unremarkably does not involve the disorganized speech and fashion that is seen in other types of schizophrenia. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia typically are tense, suspicious, guarded, and reserved. There are no physical tests being apply in mainstream medicine as yet to diagnose schizophrenia. thus far certain tests are performed to eliminate other disorders or illnesses that name similar symptoms. Schizophrenia.com (2007 Internet) states these possible disorders overwhelm ictus disorders, metabolic disorders, thyroid dysfunction, brain tumour and drug use. Currently, there is research being performed in non-homogeneous Universities in the United States into new physical tests to confirm schizophrenia. They are experimenting with blood tests, special IQ tests, oculus tracking, brain imaging and smell tests. It will be a few more years originally the results can be confirmed. For now a Psychiatrist must diagnose a person with schizophrenia. ordinarily a person suffering from the disorder will exhib it positive (hallucinations), negative (poor social functioning) and cognitive (difficulty concentrating) reactions. To diagnose a person with schizophrenia, a person must displayCharacteristic symptoms Two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a one-month period (or less, if successfully treated)odelusionsohallucinationsodisorganized speech (e.g., frequentderailment or incoherence speaking in abstracts). See thought disorder.ogrossly disorganized behavior (e.g. dressing inappropriately, crying frequently) or catatonic behavioronegative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening (lack or decline in emotional response), alogia (lack or decline in speech), or avolition (lack or decline in motivation).Note Only one of these symptoms is needful if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of hearing one voice participating in a running commentary of the patients actions or of hearing both or more voices conversing with each other.Social/occupa tional dysfunction For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major(ip) areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, are markedly below the level achieved antecedent to the onset.Duration Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least six months. This six-month period must include at least one month of symptoms (or less, if successfully treated).Additional criteria are in addition given that exhaust the diagnosis thus schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed if symptoms of mood disorder or pervasive develop intellectual disorder are present, or the symptoms are the direct result of a substance (e.g., abuse of a drug, medication) or a general medical condition. (American Psychiatric Association, 2004).Statistically speaking, the earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome in the long run, but here in Queensland there is only one registered Early Psychosis Centre, it is located at the University of Queensl and, St Lucia campus. Victoria, New southeasterly Wales and South Australia have four, six and one centre respectively.Here in Australia there are two websites, one run by the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre in Melbourne, www.earlypsychosis.org, and http//auseinet.flinders.edu.au/index.php which is maintained by Flinders University in Adelaide. Also www.Schizophrenia.com has an online early detection test for schizophrenia that is for either family members of thosethat might be touched or for individuals who are trying to understand what is happening to them.There are three stages of schizophrenia they are acute, stabilization and equilibrium. In the acute phase, the patient has a clear break from contact with reality usually displayed by a psychotic episode. This will usually lead to intervention and treatment. The second stage, the stabilization phase, is when the patients symptoms have been brought under control but the treatment must be continued to avoid a relapse. The residual stage, is where the patient is moderately stable and usually kept on anti-psychotic medication however relapses can occur.John Nash first began to show signs of entering the acute stage of schizophrenia in early 1959 when his wife Alicia, was pregnant. as a consequence I resigned my position as a faculty member at M.I.T. and, ultimately, late(a)r on strike downing 50 days under observation at the McLean Hospital, traveled to Europe and attempted to deliver the goods status there as a refugee (John Nash, 1994). For some time after that he would be in and out of hospitals. At times his involuntary admission to hospitals would last up to eight months. Eventually he began reject his delusions and return to mathematical research. This period of time, John Nash himself refers to as enforced rationality.He may have been thought to be the entering the Residual stage however this would turn out to be incorrect. In truth it can be said he had not completed the Stabi lization period. In the late Sixties, he returned to what he described as a dream-like delusional hypothesis, however managed to avoid being admitted to hospital by behaving as normally as he could. This can be said to be his regeneration into the Residual stage. Although he had a slight relapse, he himself began to understand on an intellectual level that his delusions were scarce that, delusions. He is now thinking rationally and continuing to further his studies in mathematics with the hope that he can provide something useful to the field.Many people, including John Nash himself believe that his schizophrenia in one agency or another actually aided his work, thinking outside the box so to speak. John Nash once said I would not dare to say that there is a directrelation amid mathematics and madness, but there is no doubt that great mathematicians suffer from maniacal characteristics, delirium and symptoms of schizophrenia.It is suggested that the disconnected mind allows and concocts irrational ideas that can become rational solutions. Many great people with great ideas and influences have been affected by the illness. Some of those include Peter Green from Fleetwood Mac, Syd Barrett of Pink Floyd, Vaclav Nijinsky the Russian dancer and whop musician and composer, Tom Harrell. Some people even refer to Tom Harrell as the John Forbes Nash, junior of Jazz.Treatment for paranoid schizophrenia and other mental disorders has changed greatly in the last Sixty years. In the early Nineteen-fifties, Chlorpromazine was developed. It was a phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar and as an Anti-emetic which is used for vomiting and nausea. The side affects of a phenothiazine based drug include acathisia, which is basically restlessness, tardive dyskinesia, which is a neurological disorder which affects voluntary movement that can continue after treatment has ceased, and weight gain (Wikipedia, 2007). The use of Chlorpromazine has been di scontinued however John Nash would almost certainly been treated with it. He was also exposed to insulin shock therapy. This was a method used to induce a coma.He stopped fetching drugs in 1970 and recovered slowly without them over the next twenty. According to the World Health Organization, the long term outcomes of schizophrenia are far worse in United States than they are in countries such as India and Nigeria where antipsychotic medication is not as readily unattached. There is more. In 1987, psychologist Courtenay Harding reported that a ordinal of chronic schizophrenia patients released from Vermont State Hospital in the late 1950s completely recovered. Everyone in this best-outcomes separate shared one common factor All had weaned themselves from antipsychotic medications.The notion that schizophrenics must spend a lifetime on these drugs, she concluded, is a myth (Whitaker, 2002). In 1994, Harvard Medical School researchers found that the outcomes for U.S. schizophrenia patients are no better now than they were about one hundred years ago when they would scarcely put patients into bathtubs for hours on end. There has also beenreasonable success in Finland where doctors have used counselling, connection support and little or no antipsychotic medication. John Nashs recovery is nothing short of peculiar but many people say that his constant occupation with mathematics and the support or alternatively that he was allowed relative freedom at Princeton aided his recovery without medication.There is has been a shift in mentality towards the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. A growing wave of professionals are beginning accept that there is merit to the at least partial abandonment of antipsychotic drugs. John Nash may be the figurehead for the movement, but more conclusive research is needed to detect whether the disuse of anti-psychotic is unverifiable to select patients or can be applied to a more widespread group of sufferer s of this mental disorder.BibliographyAmerican Psychiatric Association, 2004, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision). American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 0890420246. DSM-IV DSM-IV-TR Schizophrenia criteriaBallas, Paul, 2006, Schizophrenia, (online), available from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000936.htm, 6 kinfolk 2007Gulli, L.F., 2007, Schizophrenia, (online), available from http//www.answers.com/topic/schizophrenia?cat=health, 6 September 2007.Nash, John, 2004, Autobiography, (online) available from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1994/nash-autobio.html 6 September 2007.Schizophrenia Symptoms and Diagnosis, 2004, (online), available from http//schizophrenia.com/diag.phpdiagnosis, 6 September 2007.Whitaker, R, 2002, Recovery without Drugs, (online), available from http//www.namiscc.org/newsletters/February02/JohnNashDrugFreeRecovery.htm6 September 2007.Wikipedia, 2007, Schizophrenia, (online), ava ilable from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia, 6 September2007.